Virginia Renters Rights: What Every Tenant Should Know

If you’re renting in Virginia, you have more protection than you might think. The state’s rental laws cover everything from security deposits to how a landlord can end a lease. Knowing these rights helps you avoid surprise fees, keep your home safe, and stay in control of the rental relationship.

Key Protections Under Virginia Law

Security deposits. A landlord can ask for a deposit, but it can’t be more than two months’ rent. Within 45 days after you move out, the landlord must return the deposit or give a written list of any damages and the cost to fix them. If they keep part of the deposit for unpaid rent, that amount must be clearly shown on the statement.

Habitability. Your rental must be livable – heat, water, electricity, and a safe structure are mandatory. If the landlord fails to fix a serious problem after a written notice, you can withhold rent, repair and deduct the cost, or even break the lease without penalty.

Lease termination. In most cases, either party can end a month‑to‑month lease with 30 days’ written notice. For a fixed‑term lease, the landlord needs a legal reason—like non‑payment or breach of lease terms—to end it early. They can’t just decide to raise rent or sell the property without following proper notice rules.

Eviction process. Landlords must go through court to evict a tenant. They can’t lock you out, shut off utilities, or change locks without a court order. If you’re served with a “Notice to Quit,” you usually have five days to fix the issue (like paying back rent) before the case moves forward.

Rent increases. For month‑to‑month leases, landlords must give at least 30 days’ written notice before raising rent. Fixed‑term leases can only increase rent when the lease renews, and the new amount must be disclosed in writing.

Practical Steps to Protect Yourself

Start by reading the lease carefully. Highlight any clauses about repairs, notice periods, and fees. Keep a copy for yourself and store all communication with the landlord in email or written form.

Whenever you report a maintenance issue, do it in writing. A quick email or text that notes the problem, the date, and the landlord’s response creates a record you can use if the habitability issue turns into a legal dispute.

Take photos or videos of your unit when you move in. Document existing damage so you’re not blamed later for wear and tear that was already there.

If you receive a notice to pay rent or fix a violation, respond promptly. Paying within the five‑day window can stop an eviction from moving forward.

When it’s time to move out, give the required written notice and request a walk‑through inspection. Ask the landlord to note any damages in front of you so you both agree on what’s reasonable to deduct from the deposit.

Finally, know where to get help. Virginia’s Department of Housing and Community Development offers free resources, and local legal aid societies can advise you if you feel your rights are being ignored.

Being aware of these rights and following a few simple habits can make renting in Virginia smoother and less stressful. Stay informed, keep good records, and don’t be shy about asking for what the law guarantees you.