Lease Agreements: What You Need to Know

Signing a lease can feel like stepping into a maze. You want to protect yourself, but the legal jargon makes it hard to see the real deal. This guide breaks down the basics so you can read a lease like a pro, whether you’re renting out a flat or moving into one.

Key Parts of a Lease Agreement

Every lease has a few sections you’ll see over and over. First up is the property description – make sure the address and unit number match what you’re looking at. Next comes the term. Most leases run for 12 months, but you’ll also find month‑to‑month or shorter sub‑leases. Note the start and end dates; a single day off can affect your rent schedule.

The rent clause tells you how much you pay, when it’s due, and any late fees. Look for hidden costs like parking or pet fees. Then there’s the security deposit section. It should spell out the amount, conditions for return, and any deductions allowed. If you’re in Virginia, the 2025 rental laws cap how much can be taken for damages, so keep that in mind.

Don’t skip the maintenance and repairs part. It tells who handles fixes – the landlord or you – and how quickly issues should be addressed. Finally, check the termination clause. It explains how either side can end the lease early, what penalties apply, and the notice period required.

Tips for Tenants and Landlords

Tenants: Before you sign, walk through the property and note any existing damage. Put those notes in writing and ask the landlord to acknowledge them – this protects your deposit. Keep a copy of the signed lease and any addenda; you’ll need them if a dispute pops up. If the lease mentions a “no‑sublet” rule and you plan to have a roommate, get written permission first.

Landlords: Use a clear, plain‑language template. The more specific you are about rent due dates, utilities, and rules, the fewer questions you’ll get later. In states like Maryland, the rental requirements include credit checks and proof of income, so make sure your application form covers those bases. Also, follow the proper notice periods when you need to enter the property – most states require 24‑hour notice, and Maryland even outlines how you can show the house while a tenant is still living there.

Both sides should pay attention to any state‑specific rules. For example, Virginia’s 2025 updates tighten security‑deposit handling, while Maryland’s laws protect tenants from unannounced showings. Ignoring these can lead to legal headaches.

When you’ve gone through the lease, double‑check that any verbal promises (like a free parking spot or a new carpet) are written into the contract. Anything not in writing is hard to enforce.

In short, a good lease is a two‑way street. It lays out expectations, protects rights, and keeps both parties on the same page. Take a few extra minutes to read, ask questions, and add missing details. That effort saves you time, money, and stress down the road.